1Underlying Event--Not just the interesting stuff in a hadron collider event, but all of it, including the quarks and gluons that undergo "soft" collisions
2Minimum Bias or Inclusive--Events that are not triggered or selected in any way; data with minimum artificial bias
3Rapidity-- $y \rightarrow E=m_T \cos y$, where $m_T^2 = m^2 + P_T^2$
4Pseudorapidity-- $\eta = - \ln [\tan(\theta/2)]$
5Resonances--short lived hadrons that decay by the strong interaction
6 For a Charged Particle in Constant Magnetic field, the Radius of curvature is: $R = \frac{p}{qB}$
In Monte-Carlo Programs, the particle type is standardized to the following "PDG ID" numbers:
| Particle | PDG ID |
|---|---|
| d | 1 |
| u | 2 |
| s | 3 |
| c | 4 |
| b | 5 |
| t | 6 |
| e$^-$ | 11 |
| $\nu_e$ | 12 |
| $\mu^-$ | 13 |
| $\nu_\mu$ | 14 |
| $\tau^-$ | 15 |
| $\nu_\tau$ | 16 |
| g | 21 (9) |
| $\gamma$ | 22 |
| Z | 23 |
| W$^+$ | 24 |
| H | 25 |
| p | 2212 |
| n | 2112 |
| $\pi^+$ | 211 |
| $\pi^0$ | 111 |
| K$^+$ | 321 |
Negative numbers denote the anti-particle where applicable, e.g. $\pi^-$ is -211.
See my little cheat-sheet here created from the 2007 PDG Review
In high energy physics, when fitting a distribution, a quantity called the "pull" is often investigated. This quantity is called the studentizedresidual in other fields. It is composed of the residual, data - prediction, divided by the error on the prediction. See discussion of similar ratios here
Often, when comparing an observed distribution to a fit a "pull distibution" is investigated. A more general name for this is a test of normality of the residuals see Wikipedia. This is just a distribution of pulls from all data points in a fit. They should be normally distributed.
Some references on the jacknife method:
M. H. Quenouille, "Approximate tests of correlation in time-series", J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B. 11 (1949) 68--84. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983696
J. Tukey, "Bias and confidence in not quite large samples", Annals of Mathematical Statistics 29 (1958), no. 614, 1261--1295.
An open access article: http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoms/1177698418
LHC Phyics First 1,2 years: http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0504221v1
Searching For New Physics at Future Accelerators: http://arXiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0410223v2
